NURSING LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT FIELD EXPERIENCE Essay

NURSING LEADERSHIP and MANAGEMENT FIELD EXPERIENCE - Essay Example Much more terrible is the way that numerous patients are passed up a major opportunity of determination that will follow the crisis care of these patients (Attard Biancardi, 2013). The American cardiology school, American heart affiliation and the European culture of cardiology, mutually suggested the base time of mediation on ST raised myocardial localized necrosis tolerant as an hour and a half from the hour of clinical contact (Brodie, et al. 2010). They went further to make it a strategy used to foreordain the quality execution on patients with myocardial dead tissue by medical clinics. The discoveries on the clinic execution are recorded in the vault thus used to survey the presentation of the separate emergency clinics. Be that as it may, from records acquired from medical clinics taking an interest in the national library of myocardial localized necrosis, there is a little level of consistence to the rules. For example in the year 2009, there was 35 percent of patients with ST raised myocardial localized necrosis went to inside the initial an hour and a half and under 15 percent of the taking part emergency clinics had a middle of an hour and a half in t he time taken to take care of the these patients as Correia, et al.(2013) watched . Willson et al. (2010) built up that there are various subgroups of patients that are more powerless to delays than others are. For instance, most patients that are acquired during the off hours (ends of the week and during the night) experience a bigger number of postponements than those got during the day and the week. Second are the patients alluded structures different offices of intense consideration, since there is an issue in organizing the two offices on the crisis premise. As per the perceptions made by Cheskes et al. (2011), each moment of postponement in quiet with STEMI influences one-year mortality. Truth be told, the 1-year death rate is raised by over 7.5 percent for at regular intervals delay as saw by Pitta, et al. (2010). Clarification

Critical Study of LLM information technology and telecommunications law Free Essays

1.0 INTRODUCTION Late advances in three territories †PC innovation, media communications innovation, and programming and data innovation †are changing lives in manners hardly envisioned under two decades prior. These cutting edge advancements are being joined, particularly through the Internet, to connect a large number of individuals in each edge of the word, bargains are struck, exchanges finished, and choices taken in a time span that would have appeared to be basically unfathomable a couple of years back. We will compose a custom exposition test on Basic Study of LLM data innovation and media communications law or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Shopping has advanced with development of innovation which has caused it workable for individuals to finish up on line rather available and with this came the appearance of electronic exchanges (E-Contacts). Electronic business (EC or web based business) depicts the way toward purchasing, selling, moving, or trading items, administrations, or data by means of PC systems, including the Internet and a legitimate edge work that would direct the purchasing and selling of merchandise a good ways off has been made. The point of the European Union enactment in the field of separation selling is to gotten shoppers who buy products or administrations through separation correspondence implies in a comparative situation to customers who purchase merchandise or administrations in shops subsequently making certainty and conviction in separation contracts. The Directive 1997/7/EC (Distance Selling Directive) was set up to address the developing pattern and gives various crucial legitimate rights for shoppers so as to guarantee an elevated level of buyer security all through the EU. The E-business Directive 2000/31/EC was additionally received to give a lawful structure to the arrangement of Information Society Services inside the European Union. In the expressions of the European Consumer Affairs Commissioner Meglena Kuneva. â€Å"Consumers and retailers are starting to grasp web based business at national level however inside market obstructions despite everything endure on the web. The capability of the online inward market to convey more noteworthy decision and lower cost to shoppers and new markets for retailers is impressive. We have to try harder to handle the remaining borders.† This article is going to take a gander at assurance accessible to shoppers under existing guidelines, especially those concerning separation contracts or potentially the arrangement of data society administrations, cures accessible to John under the current Legal structure, the difficulties of cross fringe e †business in the EU and assess the proposition in the new system. 2.0 THE DISTANCE SELLING DIRECTIVE 97/7/EC The Distance Selling Directive applies to any customer separation contract made under the law of an EU-Member State just as the European Economic Area (EEA). The order guaranteeing the insurance of customers inside the EU in regard of separation contractusing â€Å"means of separation communication† has given certain rights and commitments between a provider and shopper. Mandate 97/7/EC pertinent law buyer separation contracts inside EU Member State just as European Economic Area (EEA). The mandate targets guaranteeing an elevated level of insurance for purchasers inside the EU by giving certain rights and commitments between a provider and customer while executing a good ways off utilizing â€Å"means of separation communication.† It gives the accompanying the rights: As indicated by the Directive the accompanying buyer rights among others should be regarded: Article 4 of the Directive gives the arrangement of exhaustive data by the provider before the buy. Article 5 gives that the affirmation of the data by the provider in (Art 4) t0 be in a sturdy medium, for example, composed affirmation) The Consumer’s option to drop the agreement inside at least 7 working days without giving any explanation and without punishment, aside from the expense of restoring the merchandise (right of withdrawal) is accommodated by Article 6. Article 6(2) gives the consumer’s right to a discount inside 30 days of abrogation, if where the customer drops the agreement. Article 7 gives that the conveyance of the merchandise or execution of the administration by the provider will be wi inside 30 days of the day after the buyer put in his request or where the products or administration requested isn't accessible illuminate the purchaser regarding any option at a similar cost or a discount as quickly as time permits or inside 30 days. Article 8 Provides Protection from deceitful utilization of installment cards by permitting a shopper to demand wiping out of an installment where fake use has been made of his installment card regarding separation contracts secured by this Directive. Article 12 The quality of each separation contract rest upon the earlier data prerequisite as gave by Article 4 and must be conformed to. As per the order the accompanying earlier data will be outfitted by the provider to the customer in great time before the finish of any separation contractstating: â€Å"(a) the character of the provider and, on account of agreements requiring installment ahead of time, his location; (b) the fundamental qualities of the merchandise or administrations; (c) the cost of the merchandise or administrations including all assessments; (d) conveyance costs, where suitable; (e) the courses of action for installment, conveyance or execution; (f) the presence of a privilege of withdrawal, aside from in the cases alluded to in Article 6 (3); (g) the expense of utilizing the methods for separation correspondence, where it is determined other than at the fundamental rate; (h) the period for which the offer or the value stays substantial; (I) where fitting, the base term of the agreement on account of agreements for the gracefully of items or administrations to be performed for all time or recurrently.† As respects John case it tends to be said that prerequisite of Article 4( 1) (an) (e) and (f), as expressed above and that of ‘address’ ‘performance ‘ and a ‘right of withdrawal’ was not followed. What's more, the arrangements of Art 5(1) which gives that customer must get composed affirmation or affirmation in another strong medium accessible and open to him of the data alluded to in Article 4 (1) (a) to (f), in great time during the presentation of the agreement was not conformed to. It very well may be completely said that if the arrangements of (Art 5(1)) was met as required John would not be experiencing issues reaching the provider looking for change, in light of the fact that the ‘prior information’ recorded as a hard copy or a strong medium would have benefited him of the ‘geographic address’ of the provider , time for execution of the agreement and his privilege of withdrawal. Additionally investigating Art 7( 1)(97/7/EC) which expresses that â€Å"unless the gatherings have concurred something else, the provider must execute the request inside a limit of 30 days from the day following that on which the shopper sent his request to the provider; and furthermore Art 7(2)(97/7/EC) Where a provider neglects to play out his side of the agreement in light of the fact that the merchandise or administrations requested are inaccessible, the purchaser must be educated regarding this circumstance and must have the option to acquire a discount of any totals he has paid as quickly as time permits and regardless inside 30 days; and finally Art7(3)(97/7/EC)which further expresses that cap the provider may give the customer products or administrations of comparable quality and cost given that this chance was given to preceding the finish of the agreement or in the agreement. With respect to the merchandise that were not conveyed It can be said that John was not of the ab ove data expressed in Art 7(2) of the order or even an identical as gave in 7 (3) If the agreement is part performed and the issues of non conveyance of the a portion of the merchandise requested emerges, things that John bought which falls under the mandate would be required to be recorded. Games Console A tricycle Music CD’s An iPod Box of Chocolates 3.0 THEE†COMMERCE DIRECTIVE 2000/31/EC The E-Commerce Directive 2000/31/EC sets out standards and obligations to arrive at an elevated requirement of purchaser protection.[14] The order guarantees â€Å"the free development of â€Å"information society services† over the European Community and to support more noteworthy utilization of web based business by separating obstructions across Europe and lift shopper certainty and trust by explaining the rights and commitments of organizations and consumers†[15] Cures accessible to John under the arrangements of this order will be taken into contemplations. Workmanship 2(a) of the mandate makes reference to the meaning of â€Å"information society services†: inside the importance of Article 1(2) of Directive 98/34/EC as revised by Directive 98/48/EC; which gives characterizes a ‘ISS’ as ‘‘any administration regularly given to compensation, a ways off, by methods for electronic gear for the preparing (counting computerized pressure) and storageof information, and at the individual solicitation of a beneficiary of a service;’’(Art. 1(2)98/48/EC) Considering the words ‘any administration typically given to compensation, a good ways off, by methods for electronic equipment’ the digital book precisely falls under it as John’s PC being the ‘equipment’ that would get the e †book and John been the beneficiary of the administration. Craftsmanship. 5 (1) of the E-Commerce order gives general data prerequisites that an ISS supplier must give to recipients’ of the administration effectively, straightforwardly and for all time before the finish of the agreement: An ISS â€Å"provider will render effectively, legitimately and for all time available to the beneficiaries of the administration and skilled specialists, data: (a) the name

Of MUN and Academia

Of MUN and Academia Sometime in the last month, I was forwarded a request to blog about Model United Nations at MIT. I covered this issue somewhat in this entry, when I went to UPMUNC in November. One of the most common questions the MIT MUN delegation gets from students from other MUN teams is, Arent you guys a tech school? What are you doing here?! Ahem. Engineers can debate, too! We attend several conferences in a year this year, we had 5 conferences, and hosted one conference for high schoolers. These are the different conferences we had: BarMUN (a new BU conference for collegiate students) October, Boston, MA UPMUNC (hosted by UPenn) November, Philadelphia, PA McMUN (hosted by McGill) January (IAP), Montreal, Canada HNMUN (hosted by Harvard) February (this past weekend), Cambridge, MA WorldMUN (international conference) March (during spring break), Puebla, Mexico BosMUN (a BU-MIT joint conference hosted for high school students) February (two weekends ago) Members of the BU or MIT MUN program are given the chance to staff BosMUN. Chairing aside, positions were primarily needed for crisis staff and logistical stuff. For this conference, I was able to vice-chair for a specialized committee in BosMUN. The conference had around 1200 students from all over the world (including sizable delegations from China), and it was an interesting experience meeting these students and seeing the conference from the other side of the spectrum. Joining MUN is easy. Generally, you just sign on to the MIT MUN mailing list, and youll regularly receive information about the application to other conferences. I personally think that doing MUN is a very welcome break from the torrent of science that is present everyday. =D In other news, Im a sophomore! Although I prided myself on not caving into the pressure of advanced sophomore standing (its something that most freshmen hop onto rather quickly) in the beginning, I decided that it was to my advantage to declare sophomore standing. So what is sophomore standing at MIT? Basically if you took a sizable amount of AP exams in high school (or courses at a local college) and received decent marks (5s for AP exams), MIT would award you with what is called General Elective Credits, and those credits will be appended onto your transcript. Moreover, you need to meet these factors: * Have taken the majority of science GIRs (there are 6 science/math GIRs so you need 4). * Have taken and passed a CI HASS class (basically a humanities class that involves more writing of essays, talking, or any other form of communication CI stands for Communication Intensive). A side note: youre actually required to take a CI class during your first year at MIT, or youll be considered to be in non-compliance with the Freshman Communication Requirement. Curious. * Have more than 96 credits before the beginning of the second semester (one semester at MIT = 48 credits). If you do the math, 96-54 (max credit limit for froshies, first term, unless you take 12.000) = 42. So if you come in with 42 additional credits, you will qualify for sophomore standing at the end of your first year. Lets make things easier. Suppose you took the AP Calculus BC exam and received either a 4 or a 5 (this is THE one instance where a 4 would be taken by MIT for credit), you will get 12 units for 18.01 (Calculus I). This means that 42-12 = 30. MIT grants 9 units of General Elective Credit for extra AP exams that are on this list, so you need 4 extra 5s on AP exams (and have passed all of your first semester classes) to qualify for sophomore standing. Also, if you took the Physics C exam and received 5s on both parts, you will instead reduce your needed extra credits from 30 to 18, which means you only need 2 extra 5s on AP exams. In a word, sophomore standing isnt very difficult to get, if thats what you want. But before jumping on the bandwagon, you need to consider these factors: Pros: * You now can take 72 credits (six full classes) in one term and no one will yell at you. * When someone asks you, What Course are you?, you wont be just another freshman with a wannabe course number. Hey now you have a major on WebSIS! (online advising folder) * If you totally hate your freshman adviser, youll be finally rid of him/her (disclaimer: this is totally not the case with me. I have Matt! Who, for the record, is awesome. =D) Cons: * Black, ugly Ds and Fs will appear on your transcript, if you do poorly. * 72 credits(x) + overinflated-ego(x) = sadness, depression, and great gnashing of teeth, once x = 5th week. * You are now allowed to be a constituent of the Class of (y-1), where y = your class year. The horror! The horror! These aside, my biggest rationale for not declaring sophomore standing during the first semester was because I had no idea what I wanted to major in. Well, okay, perhaps I have somewhat of an idea, but Im sure its not a very accurate one since Ive taken a grand total of ONE (not to mention that its a GIR) course in that department. I wanted to wait a little before making the decision. But then, when spring registration came around, the awkward freshman spring credit limit reared its ugly head. The freshman spring credit limit is 57 credits, which translates to 4 full courses of 12-credits and one 9-credit seminar or exploratory class. I signed on to a 9-credit exploratory class, but quickly began disliking the class strongly which led to me dropping the course within one week. Given the limited number of 9-credit classes and scheduling conflicts, I realized that I might be much better off taking Spanish III, so mi espanol doesnt just all go down in the drain, despite spending a month in Spain. 21F.703 is 12 credits, which means 125 = 60 credits! Oh no! Im over the freshman credit limit! What should I do? Obviously, I went and declared sophomore standing (to the grief of the director of the UAAP (academic and advising office), who maintains that the reason to take sophomore standing should not be to exceed the freshman credit limit). Ah well. =/ So now, Im a sophomore in Course VII, Biology. Im finding the 60-credit load to be a little bit intimidating, but Ill see what happens. ;) Que sera, sera. Extra Information: MIT MUN Questions? Just email me. Sophomore Standing Statistics iHouse just had a retreat! woo amazing food. =D

How to Find Quadratic Line of Symmetry

Roman Coins And Its Impact On Public Opinion - 2237 Words

The most commonplace of objects, we hardly give coins a thought as they pass through our hands day by day. Across the ages, however, coins have been deliberately employed for the purpose of delivering political messages and conveying and reinforcing images of power. Even today, empty even the most committed Australian republican’s wallet and you will most likely find a coin decorated with the image of the queen. You might say she is our most constant companion. Surviving Roman coinage is plentiful and examples exist which date from the Republic in third century BCE right through to Byzantine times. The authors of antiquity have left very little information about the coins they would have handled on a regular basis and so our understanding†¦show more content†¦So how did they shape the perceptions of the people, including the illiterate plebeian’s, in their favour? How did they transmit their power to the furthest reaches of their territory and achieve, maintain and promote an atmosphere of peace, prosperity and good governance when Rome was in conflict? While written works, such as the pro-Roman writings of Livy, were used as propaganda, the influence of these writings was restricted to the literate and largely to those who could read Latin. Coined money on the other hand, which permitted and fostered unlimited economic communication would be seen and handled by people of all social ranks across the empire. Coined money came to Rome from Greece, the first society with a markedly monetized economy. While the Roman’s employed coins during the early Republican period, minted in bronze as a means of state payment (of which the army was the main recipient), these coins were not uniform across their territory and are relatively rare. By 289 BCE coinage was controlled by the Senate and pieces clearly recognizable as coins in bronze, silver and gold, began appearing in Rome. These coins were stamped with motifs and symbols that were relevant and of interest to the Roman state, however, the purpose of this marking was primarily to distinguish coin value, i.e. the denarius coin was marked by the â€Å"Roma† head and the as by Janus. It wasn’t until the late Republic era that this system of

The Great Awakening Free Essays

Great Awakening revived and reformed religion by creating a new intensely-emotional approach to Church teachings. New Light preachers added a much needed Jolt to this religious slump of boring and uninspiring sermons. They rivaled, and served as serious competition for the traditional â€Å"Old Light† teachers. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Awakening or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, was the Great Awakening a key contribution to the American Revolution? I can agree, but, the true answer Is Indecisive. Whether the â€Å"Awakening† did or did not influence independence in America, this new wave of religious freedom is with no doubt an important landmark in history. Despite disagreeing to this next opinion, the â€Å"supposedly† ineffective relationship between the Great Awakening and the revolution is supported with heavy content. According to some, this religious involvement was merely, as Jon Butler puts it, an â€Å"interpretative fiction†. This states that the Great Awakening was a meaningful symbol with no valid reference; it had â€Å"more talk, and less substance†. Butler also argues that historians took â€Å"revivals having little connection† and unified them Into one big affair. When merging with the world of politics, Church leaders failed to spread religion because of failure to defend It. They never supported the Awakening with â€Å"factional alignments† (historical evidence) and even failed to show strong â€Å"discontent with the Imperial relationship†. Some rebellious factions like Samuel Ward’s and Stephen Hopkins in Rhode Island, and several New York resistance parties, were never linked to the Great Awakening. Defiance groups against Britain were already established without the help of a religious influence. The arguments that supported this â€Å"enlightenment† weren’t convincing enough to influence such a revolt. Nevertheless, the Great Awakening inspired a new freely independent way of elisions and political thinking in British-America either way. Ezra Stiles was an American clergyman who worried about an imminent forthcoming of religious freedom In the colonies. This fear was an example of how such a religious movement could easily become a threat to the British. This freedom also institutes and Inspires an Ideology of liberty. Led by Jonathan Edwards, George Whitfield, and the Tenets, these â€Å"New Light† preachers emotionally Impacted the view of parishioners. Their explosive innovative interpretations of faith to God and their fiery sermons changed religion forever. James Davenport was known for preaching in the streets; gathering listeners to learn about a different approach to receive God’s favor. Davenport â€Å"encouraged his followers to cast away their fine clothes† and other valuables to live their life based on God and not by material things. Because of the New Light’s favor for education, many famous ivy-league colleges were created from it too. Their inspiration on social, political, and educational subjects marks the power of religious influence. It was a significant event that united the Americans to share something together as a group. This newly and largely formed congregation shaped how Americans viewed society and religion to what It Is today. Even with well supported Information, negative views towards the Great Awakening aren’t as convincing as the power of God. Cods presence of higher authority gave Americans hope that the British aren’t strong enough to rule over them forever. Traditional teachings of the now respected as a fair, merciful, powerful, and fair leader whom the people could look up to. What was also learned under God was that all men were created are equal. America uses this term as inspiration for their separation considering that it was mentioned in the â€Å"Declaration of Independence†. The equality of man and the justice of the Lord gave an opportunity for them to be free; free from English rule. As harmless as the â€Å"building of stronger faith† sounds, religion has the ability to inspire a revolution. The newfound feeling of pride for God and country was a strong impact to America. They couldn’t let that go. They were starting to feel more like a country and â€Å"united† nation. It was impossible to Juggle between their newfound religious and social beliefs with Britain’s already established religious and social beliefs. With the accomplishments of the Great Awakening, came the start of a separation that will change history. How to cite The Great Awakening, Papers The Great Awakening Free Essays The Great Awakening occurred around during the 18th Century. It was led by Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield. It was a spiritual rebirth that swept over American colonies during the beginning of the 18th Century. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Awakening or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Great Awakening resulted in the growth of the Presbyterian, Methodist, and Baptist Churches. This rebirth was intended to renew Puritanism and appeal to the colonists’ emotions by taking away the coldness and replacing it with a religion that they could be more involved in. Political uncertainty and economic instability distracted communists from religious obligations (http://www. great-awakening. com/? page_id=12). When the awakening took place people were not only just members of the church but they began to really learn about their religion and engage more in prayer. This also allowed these people to be more in touch with God. Not only by prayer was this able to happen, but also through song, readings, language, and social conscience. The Great Awakening revealed that people were interested in modifying religion to meet their needs (http://www. great-awakening. com/? page_id=12). The Great Awakening caused what was said to be a â€Å"religious fever† which caused believers to break away from the church because they church wasn’t fulfilling their needs. This event led to the desire to leave their mother country, England. The break away prepared America for its War of Independence. After a while, colonists began to realize that political power was in their own hands (http://christianbookshelf. org/greene/the_development_of_religious_liberty_in_connecticut/chapter_ix_the_great_awakening. htm) Does America need a Great Awakening today? In my opinion, I think that we just might need it. There are so many crimes taking place this day and times that there is no way that people are taking part in their religious life. There are robberies, murders, rape, etc. constantly happening in the country. If we were to have another Great Awakening it could possibly decrease the amount of these crimes committed. An article that I have recently read was saying how Anti-Christian plays were performed at schools such as Dartmouth. Also in New Jersey, a bible was taken from a Presbyterian church and was burned in a bonfire held for the public. Let’s take a look at entertainment these days. For example, some of these used to be Disney stars that stole the hearts of young boys and girls, are now sexualized and have been in trouble for drugs and addiction. People are turning away from their Christian values for How to cite The Great Awakening, Papers

Ts Eliot - Ezra Pound Comparison Essays - Literature,

Ts Eliot - Ezra Pound Comparison The essay Tradition and the Individual Talent by T. S. Eliot incorporates many ideas sympathetic to those found in Pounds poetry, thus allowing Pound to be comprehended more completely by one who has first read Eliots essay. If one were to read Eliots essay, he could in turn pick up ideas central to understanding Pounds poetry, such as: the importance of tradition and the classics to poetry, the readers knowledge of great works of the past, and that an authors poems often consist of ideas and feelings foreign to them. If one were to keep these general ideas in his mind while reading Pounds poems, his understanding would be much more complete, and would arrive there before the reader who hasnt prepared himself with Eliots essay. One of the first aspects of Eliots essay which would help one who is getting ready to read Pound is the emphasis of the importance of tradition and the classics to poetry. Pound feels as if being totally foreign to tradition is one of the worst things that a poet can do. He feels as if tradition is a rich part of any poetry. Eliot states that the historical sense compels a man to writewith a feeling that the whole of the literature of Europe from Homer and within it the whole of the literature of his own country has a simultaneous existence and composes a simultaneous order. Eliot is stating that the poet should write with all the influence that he has gained through his experiences and teachings, and then he can create a masterful poem. Eliots essay encourages the reader to learn and embrace the classics, which in turn are very useful in understanding and reading Pounds literature. Eliots refers back to the classics, much like Pound, just on a lesser scale, thus acclimating the reader to Pounds technique. Eliot even goes so far as to include a quote in Greek much like Pound does on several occasions. He states, [a poets] significance, his appreciation is the appreciation of his relation to the dead poets and artists. In this statement he insinuates that the reader must have sufficient knowledge of the dead poets and artists in order to truly appreciate the value of a poets work. Eliot also mentions that the authors work must be compared to the works of past authors in order to fully see its greatness. Eliots use of seductive statements such as the aforementioned one effectively convince his reader to develop a richer knowledge of the classics, and therefore coincide with Pounds goal. When one reads Eliots essay he can notice that Eliot believes a poets actual feelings and emotions are not necessarily the emotions that he portrays in a given poem. This is definitely true in Pounds work, as can be clearly seen in his poem, The River Merchants Wife. This work is an altered version of an 8th century poem, which was actually written by a Chinese poet named Li Taipo. Naturally, since the poem is not his originally it cant possibly be his feelings and emotions, although it can be partially in agreement with him. Eliot makes a good example of this in his essay with an example dealing with chemistry and a catalyst. As the catalyst is being compared to the poets mind, it is separate from the feelings and emotions contained in a poem, and remains wholly unchanged by the process the poet goes through in his creation of a poem. Pound is infamous for utilizing this style in his creation of poetry, often taking plots from past literary works, and molding them into his own art. Reading the essay Tradition and the Individual Talent by T. S. Eliot truly helps one understand Ezra Pounds poetry for what it was originally meant to be. Pound utilizes the technique of including emotions and feelings totally foreign to him in his poetry, which Eliot warns is quite common in good poetry. It is Eliots belief that only through incorporation of ones influences, both past and present, a poet can truly be original. Utilizing the suggestions supplied by Eliot, and therefore enriching his knowledge of the classics, the reader can use Eliot as a handbook to

Effects essays

Effects essays As the issues of war change, the effects of war of a family differ in some ways and remain the same in other ways. A family will still hurt of the loss of a family member and the communication between family members has changed. From the standards of war today to the viewpoints or war, changes occur all along the way, but things still remains the same. Civil War or World War, the effects of communication from the past till now have evolved. When a family member heads off to war, there is less communication. That family member can write letters like the soldiers did back in the civil war. Now, soldiers can e-mail and use instant messenger. This helps improve communication between family members. Also, most people today have cell phones. They aid soldiers to communicate with their family members, unless there is no service where they are. Even though there is more technology to help communication between family members, the time to communicate of a soldier remains the same. In the past, the arm forces consisted of just men. Today not only men, but also women can join the army or navy to help fight in a war. Also, in the past, soldiers rode around to towns asking anyone (white males of about the age 18 and some slaves) to join their side. Just like in the past, husbands, single men, divorced men, boyfriends, still take part in the war. Today, soldiers of any race or sex may work in varies branches of the army/navy/marines, but only if they pass a series of tests. When a family member in the war dies, the effects remain the same. The family receives a letter or someone calls or visits the family to tell the family to bad news. The family would still be very hurt over the loss of a loved one. They would still want a proper burial for that person. Family members can still have different viewpoints of a war. They can both take different sides in war and remain close to each other. In the past, usually family members t...

John Henry Picture Book by Julius Lester

John Henry Picture Book by Julius Lester The legend of John Henry has been celebrated in song and story for generations, but my favorite version is the childrens picture book John Henry by Julius Lester, with illustrations by Jerry Pinkney.   Julius Lesters John Henry is based on the African American folk ballad John Henry, the tale of John Henry, the steel-driving man who was bigger and stronger than anyone and the competition between him and the steam-powered drill in digging a railroad tunnel through a mountain. While John Henry dies at the end, this is not a sad story but a celebration of a life well lived.   I recommend Lesters retelling of the story of the African American folk hero as an excellent read aloud for children five and older, as well as a good book for independent readers in grades 4-5. Who Was John Henry? While much has been written about John Henry, much of the true story of John Henry is still shrouded in mystery. However, what the John Henry of song and story represents is very clear in both the words and images in this book. Artist Jerry Pinkney saw John Henry as ... a free man, whose strength and valor bring him fame. He was a strong folk hero for African Americans, a symbol of all the working men who made a major contribution to the building of the roads and railroads in the mountains of West Virginia - a dangerous job for which many paid with their lives. (Source: Penguin Putnam Inc.) John Henry: The Story Julius Lesters story of John Henry begins with his birth and immediate growth to a size so large that his head and shoulders busted through the roof which was over the porch of his familys home in 1870s West Virginia. The tall tale continues with the saga of how John Henry grew big, strong, fast, and fearless. His crowning achievement, and the cause of his death, was winning a competition to break through a mountain so the railroad could go through. On one side of the mountain, the railroad boss used a steam drill. On the other side, John Henry used his hammers and amazing strength. When John Henry and the stream drill met inside the mountain, the boss was amazed to find that while he had come only a quarter of a mile, John Henry had come a mile and a quarter. John Henry walked out of the tunnel to the cheers of the other workers, then fell to the ground and died. Everyone who was there came to the realization that Dying aint important. Everybody does that. What matters is how well you do your living. Awards and Recognition John Henry was named a Caldecott Honor Book. and to be named a Randolph Cadecott Medal or Honor Book recipient is a prestigious honor. Caldecott honors are awarded annually by the American Library Association in recognition of excellence in American childrens picture book illustration. Other honors for John Henry include  a Boston Globe–Horn Book Award and being included on the ALA Notable Childrens Books list. John Henry: My Recommendation There are several things that make this book memorable. The first is Julius Lesters use of imagery and personification. For example, when describing what happened when John Henry laughed loudly, Lester reported, †¦the sun got scared. It scurried from behind the moons skirts and went to bed, which is where it shouldve been anyway. The second is the artwork of Jerry Pinkney. While Pinkney used his usual pencil, colored pencils, and watercolors, his use of shading is exaggerated in the illustrations, to good effect. This creates almost a transparent effect in some scenes, creating the illusion of looking into the far distant past. Its as if you can see what is going on, but you also know that it all has a bigger, broader meaning than just the scene depicted. The third is the extra information provided. It helps to set the context for the story. Included are brief author and illustrator biographies, a note from the author about his collaboration with Pinkney, and an overview of the origin of the John Henry story and the sources used by Lester. This information will be particularly helpful to teachers and librarians as they share the book with students. I recommend this childrens picture book for the children five to ten years old and their families.   Its also a good book for elementary school classrooms. (Puffin Books, Penguin Putnam Books for Young Readers, 1994. Hardcover edition ISBN: 0803716060, 1999, Paperback edition ISBN: 9780140566222)

Marketing Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Marketing Models - Essay Example These are responding to customer needs which will drive company success. Electronic marketing and technology will enable us to relate to the classics. Riley (2012) notes that cheaper and faster will allow businesses to execute strategies that would be impossible before. Consumer wants are constantly changing faster in the 21st century compared to past years. This is due to easy access to products through internet, electronic and print media. Industries are flooded with same products hence customers should to be aware of your business and what it offers. Consumer awareness can be fully achieved through marketing. So as a business person, one must always be focusing into the future. Most Small Micro Enterprises always sideline marketing citing expenses. Small businesses operate mostly on no-frills thus view marketing as expensive. Question that arises is how in absence of marketing one suggests to acquire the much wanted client base that affect sales. Many businesses are in operation and competition cut throat in the 21st century due to improved innovation. Without effective marketing of products, brand Image Company’s are deemed to fail in the start up stages, Riley (2012) Marketing campaign decisions must be drawn to sway sales and consumers. Generally a business could swap sales team size, price and advertisement budget. Marketing process invloves situational analysis, marketing strategy, market mix decision and implementation and control. Because the product already exists in the market and at its maturity stage, the market mix process would be applicable. Several tools are used by marketers to create the desired feedback from target consumers. These set of tools are called marketing mix. At the market mix level, planned decisions are drawn for controllable indicators. The most applicable indicator for the product is product promotional assessment. The main marketing

Protecting Trade Secrets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Protecting Trade Secrets - Essay Example There is reference to ‘reasonable’ in terms of the enforcement of the restraint, with direct bearing upon the protection of the company’s interests, being the clients and trade secrets of that business. The concept of restrictive covenants placed upon an individual has a long history, with legal case references being made as far back as the 17th century where a judgment was passed by Chief Justice Coke that an individual cannot bide himself not to use his trade generally. In 1711, a legal case; Mitchel v. Reynolds, mention was made in favor of the law, but against free discretion. Thus the law stipulated from these early times, that if a clause of restraint is unreasonable, it can be seen as void. Specifically pertinent to individuals; is a term known as the ‘blue pencil test’ which was defined in a 19th century English case namely, Nordenfelt v Maxim Nordenfelt Guns and Ammunition Co. Ltd [1894] AC 535, here elements of a contractual agreement can be enforced legally were reasonable, and the portions that had elements of illegality would be stricken from the agreement (via the scratching out of wording with a blue pencil), this would include individual words that make the clause excessively wide. Having dealt with the a general overview of legal descriptions and definitions of restraints of trade affecting the individual, one has to move on to the subjective viewpoint of the individual that is presented with such a restraint of trade within their offer of employment via their employment contract. Ultimately the individual has to make the decision of accepting or declining the contract, this decision must be made knowing that the restraint can be void if the clauses are worded in a fashion that causes the restraint to be too wide. However if directly relating to the business or company’s clients or trade secrets and the

The background and role of inventory in accounting

The background and role of inventory in accounting Introduction International accounting standard No.2 (IAS2) Inventory gives the rules which should be followed during the recording and presentation of inventory. Inventory refers to goods which are held by a firm for sale, are in the production process or are materials which will be consumed in the production process or in giving out of services. This standard does not apply to financial instruments and it gives out a guideline on how to measure an asset which is categorized as an inventory, which concept constitute of the cost and at what time an expense occurs and the information that should be disclosed while preparing the financial statements (International Accounting Standards Board, 2008, p.977). History In the year 1974 during the draft of standard, the name was changed to inventories from valuation and presentation of Inventories in the Context of the Historical Cost System the first draft was affected on 1st of January in the year 1995 and this was 21 years after the first draft exposure. On 18th of December 2003, the standard was revised and took effect as from the strart of January 2005. In the year 2003, there was a revised IAS 2 whereby different cost formulas for inventories were incorporated into the standard. These were superseded from SIC 1 on consistency. On December 1997, SIC 1 was issued and was effective as from 1st January 1999. sic 1 required that that the same cost formula was to be used for inventories with the same characteristics under IAS 2.21 AND IAS 2.23. in that case, different methods may be used where inventory items were different from other groups (International Accounting Standards Board, 2008, p.978). SIC stands for Standing International Committee (SIC), and it was renamed to International Financial Reporting Issues Committee (IFRIC). some of the issues in SIC were not added in IFRICs Agenda. This are as follows: IAS 2 Cash Discounts The question was whether cash discounts received should be subtracted from the cost of goods purchased. A decision was made in august of the year t 2002 that they should not be added. The reason given by IFRIC was that paragraph 8 of IAS 2 provided enough guidance and thus it was not necessary to publish on the interpretation on the issue. IAS 2 Consumption of inventories by service organizations The problem was on how to treat net realizable value when the inventory is consumed as part of the service rendered. A decision was made in the march of 2004 that it should not be added. It was noted that it existed for commercial bodies. It was thus concluded that the matter involved the recoverability of an asset which did not have a direct cash flow. IAS 2 Discounts and rebates In this part, three questions were considered, first, should the discount received for prompt payment of invoice be reduced from the cost of the inventories or seen as financing income? Second, should all other rebates be reduced from the cost of inventories or treat some of them as revenue or reduction in promotional expenses, lastly, if volume rebates should be given a recognition only when threshold volumes are achieved. The decision arrived at on November 2004 was not to add. Objective of IAS 2 IAS 2 has the objective of of prescribing how inventories should be treated in accounting. It provides a guideline on how to look for the cost of inventories and how to recognize an expense including any depreciation to net realizable value. It provides the formulas that should be used to assign costs to inventories. The conclusion is that, inventories should be measured at the lower between net realizable value and cost (Nikolai, Bazley, And Jones, 2009, p.80). Net realizable value refers to the estimated selling price in the course of normal business less the costs estimate for completing and the estimated costs required to finish the selling activity. The cost of inventory on the other hand shall comprise of all the costs of purchase, conversion in addition to other costs which are incurred in making the conditions to be in their present condition and into their present location. The standards require that the first in first out method is used in assigning the cost of inventories or the weighted average method. The same cost formula should be used by a firm for all similar stock and stock that has the same use to the firm. Where the inventories might have different use or are of different nature, different cost formulas can be used (Nikolai, Bazley, And Jones, 2009, p.80). Where inventory is sold, the expenses incurred during the sale of the inventory shall be seen as an expense in that period when the expense occurred. Amount realized from any reversal of a write-down in inventories coming up from a rise in net realizable value shall be treated as a reduction in amount of inventories recognized as an expense in the time or period when that reversal took place. Rationale The rationale for IAS 2 is to ensure that accounting for inventories is done in a manner which leads to the representation of the true value of the available inventory. It ensures that frequent research is done on how to present inventory in the financial statements. Measurement, presentation and disclosure details There are several items which need to be disclosed in the financial statements concerning inventory. One of the items that need to be disclosed includes the accounting policies that were adopted while giving value to the inventories. This includes the formula used to value the stock. In other words, the financial report should state whether first-in, first-out method was used or weighted average method was used. Secondly, the reports should show the total carrying amount for the inventories and they should be put into a classification which the entity feels fit. Thirdly, the carrying amount for the inventories that may be accounted for basing on their reasonable value minus the sale costs should also be clearly shown by the financial statement. The fourth thing that should be disclosed is the level of inventories recognized as an expense in that certain period. Following this, the level of inventory write-downs which might have been seen as an expense in the financial period should be shown. After this, the level of reversals for the previous value write-downs which may have been achieved as a reduction in the amount of the expense on account of the periods inventories. The activities which led to reversal should also be listed and finally, the carrying amount of inventories used as security for debt payment should also be shown (Barry and Eva, 2008, p.27). Comparison with US GAAP (inventory) As mentioned, IAS is an initioal for International Accounting Standards and it represents a set of accounting standards which are set by the international Accounting standards committee (IASC) which is in London, England. IASC has several bodies with the main one being the international Accounting Standards Board (IASB). IASB is responsible for setting standards for IASC. On the other hand, GAAP is an acronomy for Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. IASC is not responsible for setting GAAP and it thus does not have any legal authority over it. IASC can be thus be seen as an influential body which makes accounting rules. Many people listen to what IASB and IASC say on accounting matters (Barry, Nach, and Bragg, 2009, p.1337). When an accounting rule is set by IASB, several countries consider the rule and adopt it into its accounting system. The rules thus will eventually influence of what each country adopts as its GAAP. To understand what GAAP is better, we can say that it is a set of rules which accountants follow in their countries as each country has its own GAAP. There are however not much differences in GAAP between countries although their interpretations may vary between different countries. In the United States, there is the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and this make up the rules which eventually become GAAP for the country. Example from annual reports An example of an annual report which shows the usage of IAS 2 inventory is shown in the appendix. The report shows the consolidated financial statements for Prestige Brands Holdings, Inc. which is a distributor and marketer of brand name through the counter drug, personal and household products which are sold through Canada, U.S. and other international markets. Discussion In the consolidated financial statements for the mentioned company, the first requirement for the IAS 2 has been met whereby the accounting policy that was used has been mentioned The reports states that the inventories have been stated at the lower of between the fair value and cost. The report has gone further to mention that the first-in, first-out method was used in valuing the inventory. The reports have explained that the company provides allowance for the goods which are slow moving and inventory which has become obsolete through the reduction of inventory for fall in value due to the obsolescence of products, damage and any other issues which might be affecting the marketability, equal to the difference that might exists between the cost of the inventory and its market value. Another thing that the report discloses is the factors which have been utilized in the determination of estimated market value and they include; current sales data and historical return rates, the estimates for demand in future, the competitive pricing pressures, introduction of new production, expiration dates of products and obsolescence of components and packaging.

Research on Cost Control and Management of Real Estate Project Essay

This paper takes the cost control and the management of real estate project as the object in research, and analyzes and studies relevant issues. By analyzing the cost structure of real estate construction, this paper identifies problems in cost control and management of real estate construction at present. Along with the fast development of China’s economy, the real estate industry has achieved wonderful successes, pulling economic development significantly, and contributing a lot to China’s economic development. Today, real estate construction assumes more tasks. In 2008, 3,000 billion RMB enters real estate construction. The cost control and regular management of real estate construction turns into the focus. Once the construction cost is out of control, it will lead to a great waste and will bring about more pressures for property management in later. A nice cost control is meaningful for the whole real estate construction project. To realize better cost control and management of real estate construction is important for today’s harmonious society. The cost of real estate construction is composed of four parts. The first part is the land cost, accounting for 30% of the total cost. It mainly refers to cost for building land, greening land, equipped facility land, and property management land. The second part is the construction installation cost, as the main body of real estate construction cost, accounting for 20%-50% of the total cost. Among the construction installation cost, materials cost the most, accounting for 60% of construction installation cost. The third part is the cost for equipments and machines, accounting for 1%-3% of the total cost. This part is mainly for meeting the needs of operations, management, and maintenance. The fourth part is other cost, accounting for more than 15% of the total cost. It is difficult to control this part. It mainly includes the cost for investigation and design, the cost for project supervision, and the cost for infrastructure. In special, the management cost usually surpasses the budget, which is the largest part that is hard to control in real estate construction. The management cost is only accounting for 1% of the total cost. But the absolute amount is large. It is easy for the construction company costing more in management. At present, serious problems exist in the cost control and management of real estate construction. For example, for some real estate construction, the design is earlier than the study of feasibility, which makes the later turn into useless. In bidding, some construction companies perform illegally, which makes the bidding fail to control project cost well. The popularization of assigned subcontracts and various subcontracts serve as potential threats for project quality. The delay for project payment, especially for workers’ wages, is serious. Some projects can not manage the changes of designs. Construction companies fail to follow the designs completely, which may lead to larger costs for construction. Some construction companies emphasize on the control of quality and period but fail to control the cost. All these activities make the cost of real estate construction out of control in China, which is harmful for the sustainable and healthy development of real estate industry . * Fail to Estimate the Project Exactly: Investment estimation is performed at the very beginning, namely in the study of feasibility. Present compilation of study of feasibility is lack of details. No effective items to control the number of project. The estimation has a lower preciseness. Besides, the study of feasibility has no necessary investigation. Some potential geological disasters can not be identified effectively, which leads to the rise of costs. Although some companies make â€Å"details for implement†, the effect is poor. In order to establish the project, some companies may reduce the number of project and decrease costs. * The Compilation of Project Budget Has Poor Reliability: At the stage of design, the investigation is far from sufficient. Some fundamental materials for design are inexact. As a result, the design may be irrational and will be changed significantly in construction, which causes the poor reliability of budget. * Working Drawing Budget is Unpractical: At the working drawing design stage, compile the project budget according to the design. The working drawing budget is to calculate the cost of design. The rationality of working drawing budget is about how to organize the construction and how to reach the design requirements by what kinds of methods, plus how to arrange the construction period, and how to manage workers and machines under different seasons, according to scientific designs. All these tasks are supposed to be arranged by construction companies. For design companies, to compile the budget is unpractical. * Do not Follow Basic Construction Procedures and Cannot Control Costs: For some projects, time is urgent. Therefore, the design is maybe imperfect. And the construction does not follow the basic procedures strictly. Sometimes, the study of feasibility turns into useless papers. As a result, the estimation and the budget cannot control the project cost effectively. * Contract is not Managed Well, Especially for Subcontracts and External Workers: Some real estate developers neglect to manage contracts. They do not follow the terms written in contracts strictly. Besides, some developers cannot calculate the cost of project quantities correctly. They are incapable of managing external workers effectively. * Irregular Management and Many Changes for Project: Real estate developers cannot design properly and have to change the management methods. Or, the execution is weak. They can change the design as will. Then, the scale of project is increasing and the cost is rising. * The Financing Structure is Unreasonable and Depends on One Financing Channel too Much, Which Contributes to the Rise Of Costs: At present, the funds for real estate construction in China are mainly from domestic loans, foreign funds, self-collected by construction companies, and other sources. Although financing ways are few and some are immature, limits are more. Sometimes, funds can not arrive in time. In order to insure the process of project, the construction companies have to apply loans from banks. Therefore, a large proportion of construction funds are from banks as loans. And the credit period is long and cannot match with investment return. The characteristics of real estate industry determine the lagged-behind investment return. One financing channel increases risks and costs, which leads to the accumulation of loan balance in banks, increasing construction costs and pressures for later in operation. * Cost Management is Unscientific. Lack the Idea of Cost Control. System is Imperfect. Management Cost Is High: By auditing lots of projects, we find that management is one of factors that cause overspending. Main items that cause overspending include management fees, compensation fees for removing, and supervision. Main reasons include: Lack a perfect cost control system and cannot manage and control the cost systematically, which makes it hard to identify the out-of-control of cost in time. Lack the idea of cost control and the constraint mechanism. Project managers are always focusing on quality and construction period, but not cost control. The absence of system makes the expenditure more irregular. No integrated standards for management fee are effective. Workers are more than necessary in construction companies.

The Mysterious Nature of Faith - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1825 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/03/22 Category Religion Essay Level High school Tags: Faith Essay Did you like this example? In our daily life, we can hear people say that they have faith in something. But what on earth is faith? Generally, people may consider faith as religious beliefs. However, does having faith just mean believing in god? Or perhaps it has deeper implication? Do people voluntarily have faith or not? Throughout the history, many scholars and philosophers have tried to define the exact meaning of faith. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Mysterious Nature of Faith" essay for you Create order Based on their solid foundation, I argue that faith is a kind of volitional belief, emotion of admiration and feeling of trust. Having faith means people use their volition to believe in and admire evidence that they think is true. On the other hand, it is about trusting our senses, emotions and perceptions so that we can continue to believe in other things in the world. Before getting straight to my point, lets start with the very beginning. Does having faith merely mean believing in God? In 1200s, a philosopher named Aquinas explained the existence of God in a rational way. He raised five ways, arguments from change, causation, contingency, degrees of excellence, and harmony, to demonstrate his statement. Lets go deeper into some of the ways he claimed. At first, in the argument from causation, Aquinas said that nothing can cause itself. There is no infinite causal chain in the universe. In this condition, there must have a first cause because there will be no intermediate causes or ultimate effect without the first cause. And there is necessarily a first cause that is called God. On the other hand, the argument from harmony, or design, is more controversial. According to Aquinas, nature is not intelligent but seems to behave in regular and goal-oriented ways. Everything is governed harmoniously. Why? He explained that it is because nature must be guided by something with lots of intelligence and that intelligent leader is God. Opponents drastically refuted that the universe or nature forms randomly. There is also a multi-universe theory that there thousands of universe and our universe is only one of them. Anyway, we cant really judge the authenticity of Aquinass arguments, but they can really make us ponder what faith is exactly. For a long time, people equated faith with religious beliefs. From his point of view, there are rational proofs of existence of God. Its really odd that by the time we believe some sound arguments and conclusions we have faith. Thus, it looks like faith is something other than belief in God. If faith doesnt mean belief in God, what can it be? Maybe faith is simply the same as belief? But what is belief? Universally, philosophers consider that belief has some special traits. First, belief is dispositional. It is similar to our unconscious behavior. For instance, we have the belief that water can quench peoples thirst. As we feel thirsty, we are disposed to look for water. Second, belief is involuntary. We spontaneously form the beliefs that we viewed as right and trustworthy in our minds. We cannot choose to believe things that are ridiculous to us. For example, in a rainy day, I cannot brainwash myself to form the belief that today is a sunny day. I can say those words but my behavior reveals that I do not really believe this. My behavior that I bring my umbrella is the evidence that I actually believe it is raining. Last but not least, belief is truth-tracking. It is easy to understand because people are all truth-tracking mechanisms. We always want to seek for the trut h and get things right. We use our perception and see from others to form our own beliefs. Our beliefs are likely to be wrong but we subjectively consider them as true. So how is faith related to belief? In the 4th century, Augustine came up with an argument that belief is a volitional content. Volitional means in your power. You may question that isnt belief involuntary? Maybe belief in his words is similar to so-called faith. Then, it seems that belief and faith are not exactly the same. In other words, faith may be a special kind of belief. Think it that way: having faith is more similar to believing in rather than believing. Believing in something means people choose to believe according to their will, while believing is involuntary. For example, when people believe in God, they not only believe the existence of God, they also pray and have special rituals to show their piety. Therefore, faith is more appropriate to be defined as believing in. Nevertheless, does believing in sound like trust? Trust may be relevant to faith as well. In 2006, Linda Zagzebski from University of Oklahoma put forward that self-trust is necessary for forming our conscientious beliefs. She stated that we need to trust our emotions. The importance of emotion is that it evaluates the situation. For example, fear tells us that something is dangerous and harmful to us. She explained faith by emphasizing on the emotion of admiration. When we admire someone, we actually consider that something about them is worthy of imitation and is a better version of ourselves. Then, we begin to compare which version of ourselves is better, the current one or the admirable one. On the one hand, we may feel that the admirable version is indeed a better version, which leads to convert. One the other hand, we think that there is something in our current version that is admirable. Then, we dont convert. So the main point of Zagzebski is that faith is not just about forming right beliefs, but it relates to our emotional lives. It is about trusting ourselves and about how we think and feel. We always say that we should have faith in love. Now, we have the understanding that we are not only faithful to the person we love but also faithful to a certain version of ourselves. The purpose of having a relationship with others is not just to find a person you can accompany, but to become a better version of ourselves. It seems that we have reached an agreement that faith have something in common with belief and trust. However, the discussion about nature of faith doesnt come to an end. In early to mid-20th Century, Sartre, a philosopher who advocated for existentialism, came up with a notion called bad faith. According to Sartre, we always have faith in something. We need faith to sustain our identity. What matters is that faith can be good faith or bad faith. What is bad faith? First, he stated that there are two aspects of human condition, facticity and transcendence. Facticity is a set of facts that cannot be altered. It is fixed. Transcendence is something that goes beyond the given. It is a function of consciousness. Consciousness always exceeds the facticity of current situation. In Sartres words, consciousness negates the present and brings negation or nothingness. Take a bottle for example; we can only see one side of the bottle at any position. However, we recognize it is a bottle of water because we use our consciousness to look things as if they had more sides. Our consciousness is always negating the given circumstances. For bad faith, it is the denial of some aspects of one human condition. When people deny their transcendence, they always deny their freedom and potentiality. They are constrained by their current situation. For example, some students always say that they do something because their parents let them do. This is a kind of bad faith because they deny the transcendence. They have the freedom to do something else but they dont. When people deny their facticity, they overestimate their freedom. It is a delusional thinking. In his book Being and Nothingness, he says that Bad faith does not hold the norms and criteria of truth as they are accepted by the critical thought of good faith. Bad faith and good faith are both certain ways of interpreting evidence. People with bad faith are aware of the evidence but refuse to pay attention to it. They only stick to their own evidence and ignore any counter-arguments. In contrast, good faith is a kind of critical thinking. People who believe something in good faith continuously open to new evidence in the basis of their evidence. They do not have certainties in their current beliefs and leave room for doubt. Based on predecessors theory, it is not difficult to understand my argument of the nature of faith. Faith is a kind of voluntary belief and admiration in something. To have faith, a person needs to trust his perception, memory and emotion; otherwise, he can doubt his faith. Now we can see faith in a deeper level. Having faith not only means being faithful to someone or something, but also means being faithful to certain version of ourselves. In order to become a better version of ourselves, we should always embrace new evidence and leave room from doubt. We shouldnt constrain ourselves in the current situation and believe our existing beliefs with certainties but go beyond what is. That is the purpose of having faith. As for Coates memoir, many people may think he had a bad faith. In the book, Coates considered black people as victims forced by U.S history. According to him, the social status of the black is fixed. It seems that it is a kind of bad faith because he understood his self-identity strictly in terms of his race, which denied his transcendence. But that is not true. He did write the book to encourage his son and people who read his book to struggle against the injustice in the country. He experienced the death of his colleague Prince Jones who was killed by a rampant policeman. Prince Jones was such a good Christian, scion of a striving class, in his words, but still died from shooting. For his death, Coates felt extremely irritated and hopeless. In his age, he was impossible to do radical revolts to overturn the discrimination in American culture. Thus, his book is a commitment to the future and a reminder to later generations. Furthermore, in the book, he shows strong sense of hatred towards the Dreamers. Dreamers fully believed the American Dream. However, they pursue their dream by freely plundering the bodies of human and earth. The policy of Dreamers created the tragedies in Chicago, Baltimore, and so on. It is these Dreamers who lack authentic self-understandings, trampled over black people and endangered the planet. Perhaps, this is a kind of bad faith. Coates did not blindly believe this kind of American Dream. For him, the real American Dream is that we all sober up, project our real self-identity and realize who we are exactly. His good faith is perfectly embodied in his dream. Work Cited Jean-Paul Sartre, Bad Faith, Being and Nothingness, Philosophical Library, in English, 1956. Print Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me, New York: Spiegel Grau, 2015. print

Social Inequalities By Jonathan Kozal Essay - 1570 Words

simultaneously believe that schools are places where social inequalities should be equalized, where the advantages or disadvantages that children experience in their homes and families should not determine what happens to them in school-in essence, that school is a place where children should have equal chances to make the most of their potential.† (Inequality) The 1991 article Savage Inequalities written by Jonathan Kozal highlights the fact that every person is entitled to the right to receive quality care and education, but there can be overwhelming social factors that prevent students in a small Illinois town from getting an equal education. The author shrewdly described the morbid living conditions experienced by the residence of East St. Louis, Illinois. A predominately black community near the banks of the Mississippi River. However, despite the conditions that the cities kids have to endure, these students refuse to wallow in misery. These student have been written off for decades, but the courage that these kids have faced in the mist of crisis resulted in the 2016 varsity football team won the Illinois Class 5a championship. 21st Century inequalities are disguised to provide the illusion of equality. Ironically we are so equivalent thus unequal in the meantime; however the greater incongruity is somewhere else. This impacts the liberal spirit and creative political ability. Society is enthusiastic to envision many ways that individuals can live, togetherShow MoreRelated Improving the Educational System Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pagesabilities, interests, social and cultural background, gender, prior attainment or aspirations. As future teachers, we need to know the aspects of society, so that we can ensure that each one of our students is successful and achieves his or her potential through the education provided. In this paper, I will be using the articles from the Social Class/Race and School Finance section of the class to evaluate the effects of social stratification, cultural capital, and social reproduction, school financingRead MoreArticle Analysis Savage Inequalities Written By Jonathan Kozal Essay1709 Words   |  7 Pagesplaces where social inequalities should be equalized, where the advantages or disadvantages that children experience in their homes and families should not determine what happens to them in school-in essence, that school is a place where children should have equal chances to make the most of their potential.† (Inequality) The 1991 article Savage Inequalities written by Jonathan Kozal highlights the fact that every person is entitled to the right to receive quality care and education. Kozal, revealed